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What is CGWA?
CGWA stands for Central Ground Water Authority.
It is a regulatory body under the Government of India that manages and controls the extraction of groundwater to prevent overuse and ensure sustainability.
Why CGWA Approvals Are Needed
- Legal Mandate: CGWA was constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, making approvals mandatory for groundwater extraction in many cases.
- Sustainable Use: Approvals regulate extraction and prevent over-exploitation of groundwater.
- Environmental Protection: Safeguards aquifers, maintains water quality, and ensures recharge measures are in place.
- Regulatory Linkage: Essential for obtaining/renewing other clearances like Consent and Consolidate Authorization (CCA).
Who Needs a CGWA NOC?
A NOC is compulsory for entities drawing significant groundwater, such as:
- Industries: Manufacturing units, packaged drinking water plants, processing units, etc.
- Infrastructure Projects: Townships, commercial complexes, malls, hotels, hospitals, educational institutions, SEZs, STPs.
- Mining Projects: Open-cast and underground mines, quarries, sand mining.
- Water Supply Agencies: Public utilities like Jal Boards, PHEDs, Municipal Corporations, and Panchayat supply schemes.
Consequences of Not Having CGWA NOC
- Brand credibility may be compromised.
- Increased scrutiny from environmental bodies.
- Potential disputes with local authorities and communities.
- Loss of consumer trust and loyalty.
- Rejection in GPCB compliance; added cost for amendments.
- Possible fines or penalties from regulatory bodies.
- Disqualification from industry awards and certifications.
- IPO or equity deals may face compliance roadblocks.
- Drop in valuation and investor confidence.
- Supply chain disruptions due to halted operations.
- Non-compliance with CPCB, GPCB, and MoEFCC guidelines.
Who Is Exempted?
A NOC is not required for:
- Individual domestic consumers: For drinking water and household use.
- Armed Forces & CAPF establishments: For their water requirements.
- Residential Apartments & Group Housing Societies: For drinking and domestic use, up to 20 KL/day.
- EWS Housing Units: Dwelling units under Government schemes.
- Industries, mining, and infrastructure projects: If drawing water only for drinking/domestic purposes up to 5 KL/day.
- Rural drinking water supply schemes: Municipal and Panchayat-led initiatives.
- Micro & Small Enterprises: Extracting less than 10 KL/day.
Note: Exemptions may not apply in “Over-Exploited Assessment Areas,” where stricter rules are enforced.
Important Considerations
- Overexploited zones: Restrictions on new projects (with few exceptions).
- Annual reporting: Water audit reports are mandatory in most cases.
- Online only: Hard copies are not accepted — all filings must be done via the NOCAP portal.
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